Common cov nqe lus ntawm daim nqi ntawm lading nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb
Common cov nqe lus ntawm daim nqi ntawm lading nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb
Nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus thawj daim nqi mus sij hawm ntev ntawm lading, muaj ntau ntau clauses, feem ntau suav nrog:
(1) Cov ntsiab lus txhais - feem ntau txwv cov "carrier", "shipper" thiab lwm cov neeg koom nrog.
(2) Jurisdiction clause - nws taw qhia tias thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm daim nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, raws li txoj cai, lub tsev hais plaub muaj cai los mloog thiab daws qhov teeb meem.
(3) Lub Sijhawm ntawm kev lav phib xaub - daim nqi dej hiav txwv dav dav ntawm lading qhia tias tus neeg nqa khoom lub sijhawm lav pib txij lub sijhawm thaum cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj mus rau lub sijhawm thaum lawv tawm ntawm lub nkoj. Lub thawv ntim khoom pib pib los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom tau txais cov khoom mus rau tus neeg xa khoom.
(4) Cov pob khoom thiab cov cim - tus neeg xa khoom yuav tsum muab cov ntim khoom kom raug thiab raug thiab meej meej rau cov khoom. Tag nrho cov nuj nqis uas tshwm sim vim muaj cov cim tsis meej lossis ntim tsis zoo yuav tsum yog tus xa khoom los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom.
(5) Kev thauj khoom thiab lwm yam nqi - yog tias kev thauj khoom tau teev tseg raws li them ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau them thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom, thiab yog tias nws tuaj txog, nws yuav tsum tau them thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom. Thaum lub nkoj thiab cov khoom raug kev puas tsuaj lossis kev puas tsuaj, kev thauj khoom tseem yuav raug them. Txwv tsis pub, tus neeg nqa khoom tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
(6) Transshipment clause - Txawm hais tias tus neeg nqa khoom tau tshaj tawm daim nqi ntawm kev thauj khoom, nws tuaj yeem thauj khoom dawb vim yog lub hom phiaj xav tau yam tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom. Tus nqi thauj khoom yog them los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom, tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo yog los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus nqa khoom tsuas yog txwv rau ib feem ntawm kev thauj mus los ua tiav los ntawm lub nkoj nws ua haujlwm.
(7) Kev ua yuam kev hauv kev faib tawm tag nrho los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom - tus neeg nqa khoom muaj txoj cai los tshuaj xyuas qhov ntau, qhov hnyav, qhov loj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tshaj tawm los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj xa khoom thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj. Yog tias pom tias tsis sib haum nrog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, tus neeg nqa khoom tuaj yeem them tus nqi thauj khoom.
(8) Txwv tsis pub muaj kev lav phib xaub - qhia txog qhov nyiaj pub dawb ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom rau qhov kev poob los ntawm kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom, uas yog, qhov nyiaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov nyiaj them rau txhua daim ntawm cov khoom lossis chav ntsuas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib qho nyiaj.
(9) General nruab nrab (GA) - qhia cov cai yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev hloov kho nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab. Txoj cai 1974 Vieques Antwerp feem ntau yog siv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev hloov kho. Hauv Suav teb, qee cov nqi ntawm cov nqi thauj khoom feem ntau raug kho raws li xyoo 1975 Beijing hloov txoj cai.
(10) American clause - nws tau hais tias kev thauj khoom mus rau thiab los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov chaw nres nkoj tsuas yog siv tau rau kev thauj khoom los ntawm hiav txwv txoj cai ntawm xyoo 1936 (carriage of good by sea act.1936). Lub freight yuav raug raws li tus nqi sau npe los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Maritime Commission (FMC). Yog tias daim nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tsis sib haum nrog txoj cai saum toj no, US txoj cai yuav yeej. Cov lus no tseem hu ua "local clause".
(11) Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj thauj khoom, cov tsiaj nyob thiab cov nroj tsuag - cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lees txais, tuav, kev thauj mus los, kev cia thiab tshem tawm ntawm peb yam khoom, thiab tus neeg nqa khoom tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau lawv qhov kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj.
